Profile

The primary mode of transportation to and from work varies greatly based on whether a location is urban, suburban, or rural. Other factors that determine types of transportation used to access facilities include the locations of buildings in relation to airports, populations served, and staff residences, as well as availability and security of mass transit, air pollution concerns, or high incidence of violent crime. In the United States, 85.8% of all trips are made by private vehicle, and 76.4% of commuters drive to work alone;³ however, commuter patterns for posts are likely to mimic those of the local population. Cities with large, dense  populations are more likely to have a transit mode profile that reflects walkability and access to public transit.⁴

Table 1: Annual percent of U.S. transportation trips by mode

Considering the goals of maximizing efficient use of available vehicles and reducing maintenance and operating costs of the fleet, fleet managers should use this chapter’s strategies wherever feasible, with the understanding that they are not necessarily applicable to every fleet situation. Consult with the SEC to determine the optimal transportation modes for a site, including mass transit and other commuting alternatives. For sites located in one of the highest-emitting countries (see Figure 1), all transportation strategies included in this chapter should be considered. Fleet upgrades, environmentally-sensitive transportation options, and alternative commuting practices can all contribute to significant reductions of the mission’s total GHG emissions.

Considerations

Facilities should begin by determining the commuting habits and work-related travel patterns of site staff, as well as the fuel efficiency of fleet vehicles. An audit can provide intelligence on how to prioritize transportation strategies.

Figure 2: A Mexico City public transit study helped inform the new Embassy’s design and location

After audit completion, the most effective sequence for pursuing an overall reduction in environmental impact due to transportation is as follows:

1. Load reduction: Alternatives to driving to work include telecommuting, carpooling, shuttles, bicycling, walking, and use of public transit. Virtual meetings can reduce air travel by post staff. By reducing single-passenger commuting and unnecessary fleet and air travel, posts can significantly reduce GHG emissions without implementing any improvements to vehicles.
2. Fuel efficiency: Inefficient fleet vehicles should only be used when required for a specific task. Additionally, post should implement a fleet replacement plan to phase out vehicles with low fuel economy. Educate post personnel on best practices for maintenance and driving.
3. Renewable fuel sources: Consider AFVs that use electric, ethanol, biodiesel, compressed natural gas, propane, and hydrogen. Before purchasing, ensure that these vehicles can be serviced by post or host country, and that they are cost-effective solutions.